London is one of the world's most versatile capitals: from 2,000-year-old Roman walls to modern skyscrapers, from royal palaces to street-food markets, you'll find it all here. Each of the city's 32 boroughs offers a different atmosphere, but there are a few places you simply can't miss.
1. Tower of London
This fortress on the banks of the Thames has stood for nearly a thousand years and is one of the most important sites in English history. William the Conqueror had it built after 1066, and over the centuries it served as a royal palace, prison, treasury and place of execution. Today it houses the Crown Jewels, which glitter dazzlingly in the vault. The guided tours led by the Yeoman Warders (Beefeaters) are entertaining and informative, a treat even without perfect English.
2. British Museum
One of the world's largest and most significant museums, spanning the history of humankind from ancient Egypt to the modern age. The Rosetta Stone, the Elgin Marbles and the Egyptian mummies are the most popular exhibits. Entry is free, but you need tickets for temporary exhibitions. One day isn't enough for the whole thing, choose in advance which sections you want to see.
3. Buckingham Palace
The official London residence of the British monarchy, where the Changing of the Guard ceremony is one of the most sought-after attractions. The ceremony begins at 11:00, but it's worth claiming your spot in front of the palace at least 45 minutes early. In summer (July–September) the palace's State Rooms can also be visited with a ticket. The Victoria Memorial in front of the palace and St James's Park are the perfect place for a stroll.
4. Westminster Abbey and Big Ben
Westminster Abbey is the coronation church of British monarchs and the final resting place of many famous figures, including Newton and Darwin. The interior of the Gothic building is impressive, and the vaulting of the Lady Chapel is the pinnacle of English Gothic. The neighbouring clock tower of the Houses of Parliament, Big Ben, is London's best-known symbol, the chimes can be heard every quarter of an hour. A limited number of tours of the Elizabeth Tower are available, which must be booked months ahead.
5. Tower Bridge
London's most iconic bridge has spanned the two banks of the Thames since 1894. The upper walkway has a glass floor from which you can look down at the traffic and the river, not recommended for those afraid of heights. The bridge still opens for larger vessels 2–3 times a day, the exact times can be found on the official website. The Tower Bridge Exhibition also showcases the engine rooms and the Victorian steam engines.
6. Hyde Park
London's largest central park covers 142 hectares and is a favourite leisure spot for locals. You can row on the Serpentine lake, anyone can give a speech at Speakers' Corner on Sunday mornings, and the Diana Memorial Fountain invites quiet reflection. Next to the park is Kensington Palace, where Princess Diana lived. In winter the Winter Wonderland funfair moves into the southern part of the park.
7. Camden Market
London's most colourful and bohemian market district, where vintage clothes, handmade jewellery, vinyl records and a cavalcade of street food await visitors. The Camden Lock Market beside the Regent's Canal is especially atmospheric, and here you can taste the world's cuisines in one place. It's crowded at weekends, but the atmosphere is unmatched, it's worth dropping by on a weekday too. Camden High Street's alternative shops and tattooed facades speak for themselves.
8. Greenwich
This borough on the south bank of the Thames is the birthplace of world time: at the Royal Observatory you can step across the Prime Meridian. The Cutty Sark tea clipper and the National Maritime Museum tell the story of British seafaring. From Greenwich Park you get a wonderful view of the Canary Wharf skyscrapers. The most enjoyable way to get here is by Thames Clipper boat along the river, your Oyster card is valid here too.
9. St Paul's Cathedral
Sir Christopher Wren's masterpiece was rebuilt after the Great Fire of 1666 and is one of London's most impressive buildings. On the inner gallery of the dome you can test the acoustic wonder of the "Whispering Gallery", whisper along the wall and you can be heard on the other side. From the top of the dome (528 steps) there's a 360-degree panorama of London. The wedding of Princess Diana and Prince Charles was held here in 1981.
10. Covent Garden
One of London's most atmospheric districts, where street artists, magicians and musicians entertain the crowds in the hall of the former vegetable market. The Royal Opera House and many London theatres are here too, this is the heart of the West End theatre district. The neighbourhood is packed with boutiques, cafés and restaurants. In Apple Market local artisans sell their wares, while in Jubilee Market you'll find antiques and vintage treasures.
Practical tips
- Oyster card or contactless: the Tube, bus and train can all be used with a single card, with a daily fare cap, so you never pay more than necessary.
- Free museums: the British Museum, Tate Modern, National Gallery, Natural History Museum and the V&A are all free, make the most of it!
- Weather: it can rain in London at any time, so always carry a folding umbrella or a waterproof jacket.
- Cheap theatre tickets: at the TKTS booth in Leicester Square you can buy tickets for same-day performances at up to 50% off.
- Airport transfer: from Heathrow the Piccadilly Line is the cheapest option (about £5.50), while the Elizabeth line is the fastest.